Applying for a business loan can be intimidating and stressful, and it can be
confusing to have an application rejected with little explanation. There are
steps company executives can take to avoid some of the possible confusion and to
develop a more positive experience while applying for a business loan. Three of
these steps are described below, and should be completed prior to approaching a
financial institution about a loan.
Research Lender Options
Like any business operator, financial institutions want to make money in
their business. While they want to lend money, they don't want to approve credit
that will ultimately result in loss. Further, regulatory requirements often
influence the types of loans that can be approved. As a result, a major concern
of any institution considering approving a business loan is whether the owner
and the business are good risks.
"Good risks," however, can mean different things to
different lenders, which is why it is a good idea to do some
basic research on the financial institution you're considering before walking in
and trying to apply for a loan. "Not every loan fits into every bank's
wheelhouse, so you might be going for a business loan to a company that only
does real estate," according to Shawn Frier, CPA, CFE, CMPE, a director and
business adviser at accounting firm Freed Maxick. "You need to do your
homework."
Articulate Needs and Repayment Plans
According to a recent
Pepperdine study, banks and asset-based lenders only rarely
cited a company's size or economic concerns as the reasons for declined loans.
Instead, the top reasons were tied to the quality of the business's earnings or
cash flow, or to the fact that the company had insufficient collateral.
More simply, the borrower didn't meet the lender's requirements.
Business owners and lenders often have mismatched expectations from the
start, so it is good to ask a lot of questions to avoid confusion and additional
problems. More importantly, lenders desire potential borrowers who approach the
bank with a detailed plan for using the money and for repaying it.
"Be prepared," says Wells Fargo Senior Vice President David Booth, who is a
business banking manager and the Cary, N.C., market president. "Have a clear
vision of what you want." This means being able to articulate how much you need
and why you need it.
Is the money for growth to buy a certain piece of equipment or to open a new
facility in a neighboring town? Is it for working capital because you're behind
on payments to vendors and you're about to get cut off, or is it because your
sales have outpaced your ability to finance raw materials?
"We're not afraid to loan to businesses that can clearly
demonstrate and articulate the plan - the plan for repaying
the loan, for improving cash flow or whatever," says Mark Swanson, acting
president and CEO of
Northside Bank. "I'm not talking about a 20-page binder. It
can be a handwritten single page that says, 'Here's my problem, here's how you
can help, and here's how I intend to repay it.' What I want to see as a banker
is that you as a business owner understand your business, understand what has
caused the problem to begin with, understand how you're going to fix that,
understand how the bank can help and how you intend to repay the loan."
Respond to Roadblocks (Potential and Real)
Knowing how a business stands on key financial metrics that
predict default is important when a company is considering
seeking a bank loan. Sometimes the evaluation process itself will allow a
company to address potential roadblocks to a business loan.
For example, a company owner might recognize the need to identify additional
collateral for a loan -- stocks, bonds or the owner's house. Or a business owner
may decide that the timing probably isn't ideal to seek a business loan, Booth
says. "If the person can kind of do their own homework, they may ask, 'Does it
make sense to ask for this?'"
The owner may decide to work on extending payables, or to offer a discount
for faster payment on receivables in order to generate some additional cash flow
that can make a credit request more attractive in a few months.
Checking credit history records ahead of time allows you to address any
mistakes or respond to any negatives. But a major way to face potential
roadblocks successfully is to take time over the years to talk with your bankers
-- to ask questions and learn all you can about them, their processes and
changes in the lending environment.
By Mary Ellen Biery